James  duncan



(No ModeL) J. DUNCAN.

BENCH PLANE.

N0.'315,014. Patented Apr. 7, 1885.

,liwmzior N. PETERS. Pmwulm a mr, Washingum D. c.

STATE PATENT Orrrc'a,

'J'AliIFSDUJSQAN, or CQSHOOTON, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF, WILLIAM M Y, W,. BOSTWIGK, AND FRANK o.

HAY, ALL OF sAME rL oE.

BENCH-PLANE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 315,014, dated April 7, 1885.

Application filed January 24, 1885. (No model.)

To all whom it-mrty concern: Be it-known that I, J AMEs DUNcAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Goshocton, in the county of Coshocton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planes; and I do declare the-following to be a full, clear, and exact descriptionof the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same, reference be ing had to the accompanying drawings, and

to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention has for its object to improve the bench plane and scraperfor which Letters Patent were granted to myself and \Vm. H. Talbot, November 24, 1874, and numbered 157 162; and it consists in the construction and arrangement of theseveral parts, as hereinafter fully described and claimed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of the planestock, showing the outer face of the removable cheek and an adjustment of of the bit. Fig. 2 shows the inner face of the removable cheek. Fig. 3 shows the adjustable frame which carries the bit and bitolamping plate. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the plane-stock, having the cheek removed to show the inner face of the opposite or immovable cheek andthe edge of the adjustable frame. Fig. 5 is the clamping bolt, which passes through both cheeks and has its end threaded to fit the threaded opening in the immovable cheek. Fig. 6 shows the outer face and an edge'view-of the-bit-olamping plate. I A Fig. 7 is a vertical cross-section of the planestock on line-a; m,- Fig. 4; and Fig. 8 is a detail view on an enlarged scale to show the joint between the movable cheek and the flange, the joint being exaggerated to show clearly the construction.

ais the plane-stock, composed of a base-plate, a, provided with suitable handles on its oppo site ends, an immovable ch eek,a, and a movable cheek, a The plane-stock is so formed as to provide a flange, a, set slightly in from the outer edge of the base-plate, and against which the lower edge of the movable cheek fits snugly. The flange and the movable cheek are jointed together, so as to bring the outer face of the cheek flush with the outer edge of the base-plate, and the inner face thereof flush with the inner face of the flange.- The plane-stock and the movable cheek are both so constructed and jointed by means of tenons and mortises that when brought together and a small. retaining-screw,aiinserted, as shown, the said cheek will be held in place. The joint between the movable cheek is so formed as to permit a slight movement-of the top of the cheek inward toward the plate d. This construction is shown in the enlarged detail view in Fig. 8. The cheek by this movement is more easily clamped against the plate (2, and obviates the necessity of springing the cheek by the clampingbolt. The slight beveling of the joining edges ofthe flange and cheek andthe slight enlargement of thehole in the cheek through which the screw (0" passes permits a movementof the top of said cheek of about one thirty-secondpart of an inch.

The plane-stock is provided with a transverse bitopening or throat, a,'of common form, to permit the edge of the bit to project below the base-plate in all planes. 7 i

Gruide-channels b I) are formed in the inner faces of the checks. of circles described on radii having their centers inthe transverse throat a", and have their ends arranged near the base-plate, as shown. They extend on both sides ofa vertical line, as m m, Fig. 4, drawn from the throat a. extension of the guides permits the shifting of the bit to either side of said line for purposes hereinafter explained.

c is the clamping-bolt,which passes through the cheek a and into a threaded opening in cheek a, as shown.

-,d isthe adj ustableframe which carries the bit and the clamping-plate d. The ends d d are These channels are arcs.

This A curved to correspond with and are adapted to fit opening 01 and arranged on a radial line hav I 1. The improved planing implement hereing its center in the throat a This plate cl is suitably braced on its back by a rib, d". The bit e lies against the smooth face of the plate 01, and is held by a set-bolt, (i threaded in the upper end of the clamping-plate d, as shown.

The clamping-plate d has its face next the bit 6 made smooth, and on its back are provided a series of lugs, d so arranged that part of them will be on the upper side of and the others below the plate d. The clamping-plate is held from moving vertically by these lugs, and at the same time will have all the needed horizontal movement of its ends, whereby it is adjusted to the position of bit e. The adjustable frame is put in position in the bitstock by removing the check or and placing the curved edges d in the guide-channels. The screw a holds the check a in place after the latter is put into position. The clampingbolt'c binds the jaws against the edges of the frame d, and holds the latter in any desired position.

In adjusting the plane the bit-plate d is first placed in the slot d and its lugs are properly engaged upon the frame. The bit is then inserted between the plates d and 01*, and after being set properly is clamped in place by the set-bolt d.

In this device the operation of setting the bit, whether for planing or scraping, is very much simplified. By slightly loosening the bolt 0 the frame d can be moved to give to the bit any desired set, inclined or vertical. By taking the bolt 0 out the frame d can be moved to throw the bit inclined toward the opposite end of the stock, as shown in dotted lines, when such a set is desired.

To convert the tool into a smoothing-plane, the bolt 0 is arranged below the plane ofmovement of the frame d, so that no interference ever occurs between these two parts.

The channels I) I) hold the frame at securely against vertical movement, but permit the free longitudinal movement for purposes of adjustment of the bit to the desired angle.

Instead of the clamping-bolt c, a movable clamp may be employedhaving two jaws to slide down over the upper edges of the cheeks and be held in place by friction, or by a setscrew, or by any well-known means. Such a clamp is indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 7. I do not prefer such a clamp, as it would be somewhat troublesome in use; but I do not limit myself to the clamping-boltcas a means for clamping the cheeks against the bit-carrying frame.

Having thus described myinvention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s-

inbefore described, having cheeks provided with guides made in the arc of a circle eX- tended on opposite sides ofv a line vertical to the throat in the base-plate, a bit-carrying frame supported by the guides, and movable thereon to either side of the vertical line aforesaid, and a clamp, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. In a bench plane or scraper, the improved bit-carrying frame composed of the main frame adjustable longitudinally in the stock and provided with a transverse slot or bit-opening and having a bearing-plate projected upward flush with the front side of the opening, a clamping-plate supported loosely in the bit-opening in and carried by the main frame, and having on its rear side lugs or retaining means, which engage on and hold it from vertical movement in the frame, and a clamping-bolt threaded in the upper end of the clamping-plate to clamp the bit against the fixed bearing-plate, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of the stock provided on one side with a flange, a and on its other side with the immovable cheek a, having in its inner face a guide-channel formed on the arc of a circle, a removable cheek, a having its lower edge loosely jointed with and secured to the flange a, so thatits top portion may be slightly inclined inward, and having in its in ner face a guide-channel formed in the arc of a circle parallelwith and corresponding to the guide-channel in the inner face of the immovable cheek, a sliding bit-carrying frame having curved end guides, 01, fitted into the guide-channel in the cheeks, and a stationary clamping-bolt passed through the cheeks midway the lower and upper edges thereof, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. The bench plane and scraper hereinbefore described, composed of the base-plate, the two jaws, one of which is movable, having formed therein curved guide-channels having their ends approximately at the lower edges of the cheeks, a bit-carrying frame having its edges fitted into the guide-channels and adjustable longitudinally from one end to the other thereof, whereby it may be set to carry aplane-bit or a scraper-bit and a clamping device, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affiX my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

JAMES DUNCAN.

\Vitnesses: I

J. S. ELLIOTT, J H. ASKREN.

IIO

Correction in Letters Patent No. 315,014.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 315,014, granted April 7, 1 885, upon the application of James Duncan, of Goshocton, Ohio, for an improvement in Bench- Planes, the name of one of the assignees was inadvertently omitted; that said patent should have been issued to James Duncan, Jesse P. Forbes, William W. Bostwick, and

Frank C. Hay and that the proper correction has been made in the files and records of the case in the Patent Office, and should be read in the said Letters Patent to make it conform thereto.

Signed, countersigned, and sealed this 14th day of April, A. D1885.

H. L. MULDBOW, Acting Secretary of the Interior.

[SEAL] Countersi gned:

M. V. MONTGOMERY,

Commissioner of Patents. 

